15. Estimated Tax
Introduction
You are not required to pay estimated tax if you expect to owe less than $1,000 (after subtracting your credits and income tax withholding). If you are a qualified farmer, defined later, you are subject to the special rules covered in this chapter for paying estimated tax.
Topics - This chapter discusses:
Special estimated tax rules for qualified farmers
Estimated tax penalty
Useful Items - You may want to see:
Publication
Form (and Instructions)
1040-ES
Estimated Tax for Individuals2210-F
Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Farmers and Fishermen
See chapter 17 for information about getting publications and forms.
Special Estimated Tax Rules for Qualified Farmers
Special rules apply to the payment of estimated tax by individuals who are qualified farmers. If you are not a qualified farmer as defined next, see Publication 505 for the estimated tax rules that apply.
Qualified Farmer
An individual is a qualified farmer for 2007 if at least two-thirds of his or her gross income from all sources for 2006 or 2007 was from farming. See Gross Income, next, for information on how to figure your gross income from all sources and see Gross Income From Farming, later, for information on how to figure your gross income from farming. See also Percentage From Farming, later, for information on how to determine the percentage of your gross income from farming.
Gross Income
Gross income is all income you receive in the form of money, goods, property, and services that is not exempt from income tax. On a joint return, you must add your spouse's gross income to your gross income. To decide whether two-thirds of your gross income for 2007 was from farming, use as your gross income the total of the following income (not loss) amounts from your tax return.
Wages, salaries, tips, etc. from Form 1040, line 7.
Taxable interest from Form 1040, line 8a.
Ordinary dividends from Form 1040, line 9a.
Taxable refunds, credits, or offsets of state and local income taxes from Form 1040, line 10.
Alimony from Form 1040, line 11.
Gross business income from Schedule C (Form 1040), line 7.
Gross business receipts from Schedule C-EZ (Form 1040), line 1.
Capital gains from Form 1040, line 13, including gains from Schedule D (Form 1040). Losses are not netted against gains.
Gains on sales of business property from Form 1040, line 14.
Taxable IRA distributions, pensions, annuities, and social security benefits.
Gross rental income from Schedule E (Form 1040), line 3.
Gross royalty income from Schedule E (Form 1040), line 4.
Taxable net income from an estate or trust reported on Schedule E (Form 1040), line 37.
Income from a Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit reported on Schedule E (Form 1040), line 39.
Gross farm rental income from Form 4835, line 7.
Gross farm income from Schedule F (Form 1040), line 11.
Your distributive share of gross income from a partnership, or limited liability company treated as a partnership, from Schedule K-1 (Form 1065).
Your pro rata share of gross income from an S corporation, from Schedule K-1 (Form 1120S).
Unemployment compensation from Form 1040, line 19.
Other income reported on Form 1040, line 21, not included with any of the items listed above.
Gross Income From Farming
Gross income from farming is income from cultivating the soil or raising agricultural commodities. It includes the following amounts.
Income from operating a stock, dairy, poultry, bee, fruit, or truck farm.
Income from a plantation, ranch, nursery, range, orchard, or oyster bed.
Crop shares for the use of your land.
Gains from sales of draft, breeding, dairy, or sporting livestock.
For 2007, gross income from farming is the total of the following amounts from your tax return.
Gross farm income from Schedule F (Form 1040), line 11.
Gross farm rental income from Form 4835, line 7.
Gross farm income from Schedule E (Form 1040), Parts II and III. See the instructions for line 42.
Gains from the sale of livestock used for draft, breeding, sport, or dairy purposes reported on Form 4797.
For more information about income from farming, see chapter 3.
Farm income does not include any of the following:Wages you receive as a farm employee.
Income you receive from contract grain harvesting and hauling with workers and machines you furnish.
Gains you receive from the sale of farm land and depreciable farm equipment.
Percentage From Farming
Figure your gross income from all sources, discussed earlier. Then figure your gross income from farming, discussed above. Divide your farm gross income by your total gross income to determine the percentage of gross income from farming.
Example —
Jane Smith had the following total gross income and farm gross income amounts in 2007.
| Total | Farm | |
| Taxable interest | $3,000 | |
| Dividends | 500 | |
| Rental income (Sch E) | 41,500 | |
| Farm income (Sch F) | 75,000 | $75,000 |
| Gain (Form 4797) | 5,000 | 5,000 |
| Total | $125,000 | $80,000 |
Schedule D showed gain from the sale of dairy cows carried over from Form 4797 ($5,000) in addition to a loss from the sale of corporate stock ($2,000). However, that loss is not netted against the gain to figure Ms. Smith's total gross income or her gross farm income. Her gross farm income is 64% of her total gross income ($80,000 ÷ $125,000 = 0.64). Therefore, based on her 2007 income, she does not qualify to use the special estimated tax rules for qualified farmers, discussed next. However, she does qualify if at least two-thirds of her 2006 gross income was from farming.
Example —
Assume the same facts as in Example 1 except that Ms. Smith's farm income from Schedule F was $90,000 instead of $75,000. This made her total gross income $140,000 ($3,000 + $500 + $41,500 + $90,000 + $5,000) and her farm gross income $95,000 ($90,000 + $5,000). She qualifies to use the special estimated tax rules for qualified farmers, discussed next, since 67.9% (at least two-thirds) of her gross income is from farming ($95,000 ÷ $140,000 = .679).
Special Rules for Qualified Farmers
The following special estimated tax rules apply if you are a qualified farmer for 2007.
You do not have to pay estimated tax if you file your 2007 tax return and pay all the tax due by March 3, 2008.
You do not have to pay estimated tax if you expect your 2007 income tax withholding (including any amount applied to your 2007 estimated tax from your 2006 return) to be at least 66⅔% (.6667) of the total tax to be shown on your 2007 tax return or 100% of the total tax shown on your 2006 return.
If you must pay estimated tax, you are required to make only one estimated tax payment (your required annual payment) by January 15, 2008, using special rules to figure the amount of the payment. See Required Annual Payment, next, for details.
Figure 15-1 presents an overview of the special estimated tax rules that apply to qualified farmers.
Required Annual Payment
If you are a qualified farmer and must pay estimated tax for 2007, use the worksheet on Form 1040-ES to figure the amount of your required annual payment. Apply the following special rules for qualified farmers to the worksheet.
On line 14a, multiply line 13c by 66⅔% (.6667).
On line 14b, enter 100% of the tax shown on your 2006 tax return regardless of the amount of your adjusted gross income. For this purpose, the “tax shown on your 2006 tax return” is the amount on line 62 of your 2006 return modified by certain adjustments. For more information, see Total tax for 2006 under Required Annual Payment in chapter 2 of Publication 505.
Please click here for the text description of the image.
Figure 2–A
Estimated Tax Penalty for 2007
If you do not pay all your required estimated tax for 2007 by January 15, 2008, or file your 2007 return and pay the tax by March 3, 2008, you should use Form 2210-F, Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Farmers and Fishermen, to determine if you owe a penalty. If you owe a penalty but do not file Form 2210-F with your return and pay the penalty, you will get a notice from the IRS. You should pay the penalty as instructed by the notice.
If you file your return by April 15, 2008, and pay the bill within 21 calendar days (10 business days if the bill is $100,000 or more) after the notice date, the IRS will not charge you interest on the penalty.
Do not ignore a penalty notice, even if you think it is in error. You may get a penalty notice even though you filed your return on time, attached Form 2210-F, and met the gross-income-from-farming requirement. If you receive a penalty notice for underpaying estimated tax and you think it is in error, write to the address on the notice and explain why you think the notice is in error. Include a computation similar to the one in Example 1 (earlier), showing that you met the gross income from farming requirement.
