Credit and Debt

If you ain't got no money, ain't nobody calls you honey. — Bo Diddley

• Credit Scores - A complete, but concise, illustrated tutorial about credit scores, especially the FICO score, and how to raise them.
• New Developments in Credit Scoring - Explains new developments and new factors being used to determine credit scores and creditworthiness.
• Credit-Based Insurance Scores - How credit information is used to determine the insurance premiums charged to consumers.
• New Credit Card Rules - A Summary of the Credit CARD Act Of 2009 (Credit Card Accountability Responsibility And Disclosure Act Of 2009)
• Alternative Credit Bureaus - How to build credit even if you have no credit record.
• Tenant Screening - A tutorial about the use of tenant screening companies by landlords and property managers to select whom to rent to.
• Foreclosure
• Real Estate Short Sales - How to avoid foreclosure and bankruptcy by selling your property through a short sale.
• Consumer Credit Blog
• Credit, Debt, And Bankruptcy Resources

Topics

• Cross Collateral Clause

Debt Collection

Debts and lies are generally mixed together. — Rabelais

• Prejudgment Remedies: General Principles, Attachment
• Other Prejudgment Remedies: Prejudgment Garnishment, Replevin, Lis Pendens, Receivership, Court Injunctions
• Execution and Levy
• Judgment Liens
• Garnishment
• Statutory Proceedings in Aid of Execution
• Fraudulent Transfers
• State Insolvency Proceedings: Compositions And Extensions (Workouts), Assignment For The Benefit Of Creditors (ABC)

Debt and Taxes

I've got all the money I'll ever need if I die by four o'clock this afternoon. — Henny Youngman

• Taxation of Canceled Debt - Taxes may be due on the canceled debt in a foreclosure or a short sale. This article explains what canceled debt is taxable, how to figure the tax, and how to possibly avoid it.

Bankruptcy

Money is better than poverty, if only for financial reasons. — Woody Allen

• The Benefit Of Bankruptcy To Society
• A Quick Overview Of Bankruptcy For Consumers
• Credit Availability and Credit Scores After Bankruptcy
• Bankruptcy Law Public Policies
• Bankruptcy Law Sources
• Bankruptcy Research

Bankruptcy Fundamentals

I have enough money to last me the rest of my life, unless I buy something. — Jackie Mason

• Bankruptcy Requires Good Faith
• Bankruptcy Participants: Debtor, Creditors, Case and Standing Trustees, United States Trustee, and Bankruptcy Judges
• The Bankruptcy Trustee
• Debt Relief Agencies
• Bankruptcy Petition Preparers
• Bankruptcy Lawyers
• Bankruptcy Petition - The Start of Bankruptcy
• Bankruptcy Estate
• Joint Petitions; Joint Administration And Consolidation Of Bankruptcy Cases Of Closely Related Debtors
• Automatic Stay
• Relief From Automatic Stay
• Creditors Meeting
• Filing And Responding To Motions
• Secured Debts In Bankruptcy
• Cramdowns - Paying for Secured Debt Under Chapter 13, 12, and 11
• The Proof And Allowance Of Claims In Bankruptcy
• Priority Rules In Bankruptcy
• Domestic Support Obligations (DSO) Under Bankruptcy
• Taxes In Bankruptcy: Their Priorities And Dischargeability
• Executory Contracts and Unexpired Leases
• Executory Contracts: Rejection
• Executory Contracts: Assumption and Assignment
• Bankruptcy Dismissal
• Bankruptcy Discharge
• Nondischargeable Debts in Bankruptcy
• Bankruptcy Chapter Conversion

Pre-Bankruptcy Period

• Preferences
• Preference Safe Harbors
• Setoffs and Recoupments

Special Topics

Though it has oft been said that money can't buy happiness, it can certainly prevent a lot of unhappiness. — wcs

• Foreclosure and Bankruptcy
• Chapter 12 Bankruptcy Overview
• Chapter 20 Bankruptcy
• Chapter 9-Municipality Bankruptcy
• Chapter 15 Bankruptcy Overview
• Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 Bankruptcy — Comparison of Benefits and Drawbacks
• Comparison of Chapter 11, Chapter 12, and Chapter 13 Bankruptcy for Individual Debtors

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

I'm living so far beyond my income that we may almost be said to be living apart. — e.e. cummings

• Who Qualifies for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
• Chapter 7 Overview And The Creditors Meeting
• Bankruptcy Planning
• The Means Test In Bankruptcy—Is There A Presumption Of Abuse?
• Credit Counseling and Debtor Education (Personal Financial Management Course)
• Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Estate
• State and Federal Exemptions in a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
• Residency Requirements for Exemptions
• Claiming Exemptions Using Schedule C - Property Claimed as Exempt
• Can Bankruptcy Prevent An Eviction For A Renter?
• Will the Trustee Sell Your Home in a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
• Can You Protect Your Home with the Homestead Exemption or Wildcard Exemption in a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
• Secured Property — Surrendering, Redemption, and Reaffirmation in a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
• Lien Avoidance - Reducing Or Eliminating Liens In A Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
• Denial or Revocation of a Chapter 7 Discharge

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

• Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Overview
• Chapter 13 Timeline
• Role of Debtor and Standing Trustee Under Chapter 13 Bankruptcy
• Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Estate And Postpetition Claims
• Chapter 13 Payment Plan: Requirements For Confirmation
• Confirmation And Amending The Repayment Plan
• Chapter 13 Repayment Plan: Content and Format

Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

• Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Overview
• Debtor In Possession (DIP)
• Creditors' Committees and Equity Committees in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
• Chapter 11 Reorganization Plan
• Chapter 11 Discharge, Post-Confirmation Administration, and Final Decree

Insurance

Insurance Fundamentals

• Risk - A tutorial about risk and insurance.
• Risks, Perils, And Hazards
• Handling Risk
• Insurance; Insurable Risks; Underwriting And Adverse Selection - A tutorial about the basics of insurance companies, underwriting and adverse selection, and what constitutes an insurable risk.
• Legal Liability and Negligence
• Law of Large Numbers - Using the Law of Large Numbers to determine underwriting risk and insurance premiums.
• Indemnity - How property insurance pays for losses.
• Insurable Interest - What constitutes an insurable interest, and when must it exist?
• Subrogation
• Utmost Good Faith—Representations, Concealments, And Warranties - Why honesty is the best policy in insurance.
• Insurance Contracts
• Standard Insurance Policies
• Insurance Deductibles - The different types of deductibles and how they reduce insurance premiums.
• Coinsurance - How coinsurance reduces health insurance premiums, and equalizes rates for property insurance.
• Multiple Insurance Coverage: Pro Rata Liability, Contribution Of Equal Shares, And Primary And Excess Insurance - What determines how much each insurance policy pays when multiple policies cover the same loss.
• Credit-Based Insurance Scores - How and why personal credit scores affect insurance rates.

Insurance Companies

• The Legal Organization And Ownership Of Insurance Companies
• Insurance Agents and Brokers
• Insurance Marketing Systems
• Rate Making: How Insurance Premiums Are Set
• Reinsurance
• Insurance Regulation

Types of Insurance

• Automobile Insurance — The Personal Auto Policy (PAP)
• Personal Umbrella Liability Policy

Homeowners Insurance

• Homeowners Insurance - An overview of the typical homeowners insurance policy, listing the major coverages and exclusions.
• Types of Homeowners' Insurance Policies - Summarizes the basic coverage of different types of homeowner’s insurance policies—including insurance for renters and owners of condominiums and cooperatives—and how they differ.
• Common Homeowners Insurance Policy Endorsements
• The Cost Of Homeowners Insurance And How To Lower It - What factors influence the cost of homeowners insurance and how can you reduce premiums?
• Real Estate Title Insurance - An introduction to real estate title insurance and other alternatives, including tips on how to save money when buying title insurance.

Life Insurance

• Life Insurance Fundamentals
• Determining Life Insurance Premiums for Term and Level-Premium Policies
• Term Life Insurance
• Whole Life Insurance
• Variable Life Insurance, Universal Life Insurance, And Variable-Universal Life Insurance
• How to Buy Life Insurance
• Fixed and Variable Annuities

Life Insurance Contracts

• Life Insurance Contracts: Owner, Insured, and Beneficiary
• Common Life Insurance Provisions
• Life Insurance Dividends and Nonforfeiture Options
• Life Insurance Policy Loans and Settlement Options
• Other Life Insurance Options and Riders: Waiver-of-Premium, Guaranteed Insurability, Cost of Living Rider, Accelerated Death Benefits Rider, and the Double Indemnity Option
  

Health Insurance

• Major Medical Insurance; Hospital-Surgical Insurance Plans; Medicare Supplement Insurance (aka Medigap Insurance)
• Disability-Income Insurance
• Long-Term Care Insurance
  

Commercial Insurance

• Surety and Fidelity Bonds

Special Insurance

• Catastrophe Risk Transfer Using Contingent Surplus Notes, Catastrophe Bonds, and Exchange Traded Options
• Parametric Insurance

Insurance Resources

• Insurance Blog
• Insurance Resources

Real Estate

Buy land. They ain't making any more of the stuff. — Will Rogers

Real Estate Fundamentals

• Real Estate, Real Property, And Land—Basic Definitions And Concepts
• Legal Descriptions Of Real Estate
• Real Estate Encumbrances: Liens, Deed Restrictions, Easements, and Encroachments
• Estates in Land: The Fee Simple Estate and the Life Estate
• Forms of Real Estate Ownership - A tutorial about the different forms of real estate ownership, including ownership in severalty, tenancy in common, joint tenancy, tenancy in the entirety, common property, trusts, and business entities, such as corporations, partnerships, and real estate syndicates.
• Types of Deeds: General and Special Warranty Deeds, Bargain and Sale Deeds, Quitclaim Deeds, Trust Deeds, and Court-Order Deeds
• Title Records
• Real Estate Title Insurance
• Real Estate Title Transfer
• Real Estate Agency
• Listing Agreements and Buyer Agency Agreements
• Real Estate Appraisal: Sales Comparison Approach, Cost Approach, Income Approach
• Real Estate Closing; Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA)

Real Estate Types

• Types of Dwellings
• Condo-Hotels
• Destination Clubs

Rentals

• Residential and Commercial Leases
• Tenant Screening - A tutorial about the use of tenant screening companies by landlords and property managers to select whom to rent to.

Mortgages

• Mortgage Calculator — Mortgage calculator that shows, in a table, monthly payment, total interest paid, and total payment for 5 to 50 year mortgages. For a specified interest rate, calculate the monthly payment for a given loan, or calculate the loan amount for a monthly payment.
• Mortgage Fundamentals - A complete, but concise, tutorial about mortgages, with illustrative examples and real world data for better comprehension.
• Reverse Mortgages

Special Topics in Real Estate

• Price-to-Rent Ratio
• Environmental Hazards in Real Estate
• Foreclosure
• Short Sales
• Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems (MERS)

Real Estate Resources

• Real Estate Blog — This document contains entries from the Money blog that are specifically about real estate, organized chronologically.
• Real Estate Links — Organized by category. Links, about buying a home or investing in real estate, organized into subtopics, including real estate news, tutorials, articles, listings, buying, financing, and mortgage calculators, real estate investment trusts (REITs), and major real estate websites. Includes blog entries, and summaries of good articles.

Did you ever notice that when you put the words “The” and “IRS” together, it spells "THEIRS”? — Author Unknown

Wills, Estates, and Trusts

I have nothing, I owe a great deal; the rest I give to the poor. — the purported will of Rabelais

Wills and Estates

• Intestacy, Wills, Trusts, Estates, And Probate—Overview
• Estate Planning Checklist
• Nonprobate Transfers
• Dead Hand Control: Conditional Bequests and Devisements
• Probate And The Personal Representative
• Uniform Probate Code (UPC)
• Probate Estate Administration
• Executors

Intestate Distribution

• Intestate Distribution Scheme: Descent And Distribution Statutes
• Intestate Distribution to Issue: Per Stirpes, Per Capita With Representation, And Per Capita At Each Generation
• Intestate Distribution to Ancestors and Collateral Relatives
• Who Qualifies as Issue of a Decedent?
• Uniform Parentage Act (UPA)

Limits to Testamentary Freedom

• Surviving Spouse
• Surviving Spouse Support: Pension Survival Benefits, Marital Property, Homestead and Personal Property Exemption, and the Family Allowance
• Elective Share Of The Augmented Estate
• Community Property
• Omitted Spouse
• Omitted Children

Inheritance

• Appointing a Personal Guardian and Leaving Property for Minor Children: Property Guardianships, Uniform Transfer to Minors Act Custodianships, Child's Trust and Family Pot Trusts, 529 and Coverdell Accounts, and Handling Life Insurance Proceeds for Minors
• Gifts to Children: Advancements, Guardianships, Conservatorships, Custodianships, and Trusts
• Disclaimers
• Lapsed Gifts And Anti-Lapse Statutes
• Class Gifts
• Ademption, Avoidance Of Ademption, And Abatement
• Bars To Inheritance: Homicide, Abuse, Or Abandonment

Wills: Execution and Probate

• Will Contests
• Will Contests: Testamentary Capacity, Insane Delusion, and Undue Influence
• Fraud and Tortious Interference With An Expectancy Of An Inheritance Or A Gift
• Will Execution: The Common Law Elements Of The Wills Act Formalities
• Modern Trend in Wills Act Formalities: Substantial Compliance and Harmless Error Doctrines
• Will Components: Will Integration, Codicils, Incorporation By Reference, And Acts Of Independent Significance
• Will Construction and Extrinsic Evidence: Plain Meaning Rule, Patent and Latent Ambiguities, Will Reformation
• Holographic Wills
• Will Revocation and Revival
• Will Contracts: Contracts to Provide for a Beneficiary, or to Not Change or Revoke a Will
• Will Substitutes (aka Nonprobate Instruments)
• Simplified Probate: Collection of Personal Property by Affidavit and Summary Probate Administration
• Joint Tenancy
• Pour-Over Wills

Gift and Estate Taxes

• Marital Deduction
• Federal Gift Tax – Overview
• Gross Estate
• Estate Taxes
• Generation-Skipping Transfer Taxes
• Gift, Estate, and Generation-Skipping Transfer Tax Calculation
• Reducing Gift, Estate, And Generation-Skipping Taxes

Trusts

• Trusts
• Trust Creation
• Mandatory and Discretionary Trusts
• Trust Modification and Termination
• Trusts And The Rights Of Beneficiary Creditors; Spendthrift, Support, and Self-Settled Asset Protection Trusts
• Future Interests
• Powers of Appointment
• Rule Against Perpetuities
• Rule Against Perpetuities: Powers of Appointment, Saving Clause
• Rules Against Perpetuities: Modern Trend
• Charitable Trusts
• Marital Trust
• AB Trusts and AB Disclaimer Trusts
• Qualified Terminal Interest Property (QTIP) Trusts
• Qualified Domestic Trusts (QDOT)
• Grantor-Retained Interest Trusts: Grantor-Retained Annuity Trusts (GRATs), Grantor-Retained Unitrusts (GRUTs), Grantor-Retained Income Trusts (GRITs), and Qualified Personal Residence Trusts (QPRTs)
• Irrevocable Life Insurance Trusts, Including Crummey Trusts
• Dynasty Trusts
• Trustees
• General and Specific Powers of the Trustee
• Prudent Investment Of Trust Assets
• Trustee's Duty To Report
• Breach of Trust
• Wills, Estates, and Trusts Resources

Investment Fundamentals

What's the use of happiness? It can't buy you money. — Henny Youngman

• Investment Returns: Real Rate Of Return and the Inflation Premium, Investment Risk and the Risk Premium, Holding Period Return (HPR), Internal Rate Of Return (IRR)
• Investment Risks and the Risk-Return Tradeoff
• Single Asset Risk: Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation
• Portfolio Risks and Returns; Covariance and the Coefficient of Correlation
• Beta, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), and the Security Market Line (SML)
• Modern Portfolio Theory: the Efficient Frontier, Utility Scores, and Portfolio Betas
• Capital Allocation Between A Risk-Free Asset And A Risky Asset
• The Single-Index Model For Security Returns
• Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT); Law Of One Price
• Portfolio Performance: Measuring Portfolio Returns; Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and Jensen Alpha
• Formula Investment Plans: Dollar-Cost Averaging, Constant-Dollar Plan, Constant-Ratio Plan, Variable-Ratio Plan
• Random Walk And Efficient Market Hypotheses
• Market Anomalies
• Behavioral Finance
• Nominal and Real Interest Rates
• Present Value and Future Value of Money
• Present Value and Future Value of an Annuity

Banking and Financial Institutions

If only God would give me some clear sign! Like making a large deposit in my name at a Swiss bank. — Woody Allen

• Money
• Seigniorage - The Profit of Creating Money
• Inflation and the Money Supply
• Financial System
• Financial Instruments
• Financial Markets
• Financial Institutions
• Consumer Price Index (CPI)
• Payment Systems
• Information Asymmetry: Adverse Selection And Moral Hazard
• Financial Intermediation
• Depository Institutions (aka Banks)
• Types of Depository Institutions: Savings Institutions, Commercial Banks, Bank and Financial Holding Companies
• Nondepository Institutions: Insurance Companies, Pension Funds, Securities Firms, Government-Sponsored Enterprises, and Finance Companies
• Bank Balance Sheet: Assets, Liabilities, And Bank Capital
• Bank Profitability
• Bank Risks
• Government Deposit Insurance
• Bank Regulations and Supervision

Central Banking

• Central Banks
• Central Bank Design
• Ron Paul Wants to End the Fed
• Money Supply And The Central Bank's Balance Sheet
• Money Supply and the Money Multiplier
• Central Bank Transactions
• Federal Reserve Monetary Policy Tools: Open Market Operations, Discount Lending, And Reserve Requirements
• European Central Bank Monetary Policy
• Monetary Policy Rules, Interest Rates, and Taylor's Rule
• Money Growth, Money Velocity, and Inflation
• Money Demand and Money Velocity
• Inflation and Employment
• Aggregate Expenditure, Economic Output, Inflation, and Monetary Policy Reactions

Foreign Exchange

• Economics of Foreign Exchange Rates
• Fixed Exchange Rates
• Unsterilized And Sterilized Foreign Exchange Interventions
• Hard Currency Pegs: Currency Boards And Dollarization
• Speculative Currency Attacks

Banking History

A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain. — Mark Twain

• Banking History: Colonial Era
• The First and Second Banks of the United States
• Free Banking and the National Banking Act of 1863
• Financial Panics and Bank Runs Before Deposit Insurance

Topics

• London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
• LIBOR-OIS Spread
• TED Spread
• Net Capital Requirement (aka Net Capital Rule, Net Capital Ratio)
• Securities Lending — Where Banks Win, But Can't Lose
• Commercial Paper Funding Facility (CPFF)
• Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS)

Mutual Funds, Exchange-Traded Funds, Hedge Funds, and Limited Partnerships

Money frees you from doing things you dislike. Since I dislike doing nearly everything, money is handy. — Groucho Marx

• Mutual Funds — A complete, but concise, tutorial about mutual funds in a one-page format with sidebars, illustrations, formulas, examples, and clear definitions of basic terms.
• The Mutual Fund Prospectus
• Mutual Fund Fees and Expenses
• Open-End Mutual Funds: Purchases, Reinvestments, Redemptions, and Taxes

Other Types of Funds

• An Overview of the Different Types of Mutual Funds
• Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
• Unit Investment Trusts (UITs)
• Index Funds
• Hedge Funds and Funds of Hedge Funds
• Some Interesting Statistics On Hedge Funds
• Fixed Annuities and Variable Annuities

Direct Participation Programs (DPPs)

• Direct Participation Programs (DPPs) — Limited Partnerships
• Evaluating And Buying A Direct Participation Program (DPP)
• The Tax Advantages Of Limited Partnerships As Direct Participation Programs (DPPs)

Resources

• Mutual Fund Articles, Studies, and Resources
• Mutual Fund Blog

Bonds and Other Fixed Income Securities

Bond Fundamentals

• Nominal and Real Interest Rates; Compounded and Continuously Compounded Interest Rate Formulas
• The Present Value and Future Value of Money - Compare any investments—not just bonds—by calculating the present value and future value of money.
• The Present Value and Future Value of an Annuity - An annuity is a series of equal payments made in equal periods of time. Understanding annuities allows one to understand loans, and investments that make periodic payments, such as bonds.
• Complete Introduction to Bonds
• Bond Indentures
• Bond Yields
• Bond Pricing
• Investment Risks of Fixed Income Securities
• Bond Ratings and Credit Risk
• Volatility Of Bond Prices In The Secondary Market; Duration; Convexity
• The Primary Bond Market
• Term Structure of interest Rates: the Expectation Hypothesis and the Liquidity Premium Theory
• Interest Rate Risk of Bonds; Full-Valuation Approach (aka Scenario Analysis)
• Duration and Convexity, with Illustrations and Formulas

Types of Bonds

• International Bonds
• Convertible Bonds
• Preferred Stock
• Fixed Rate Capital Securities (FRCS)

Money Market Instruments

• Money Market Instruments
• Certificates of Deposit (CDs)
• Commercial Paper
• Repurchase Agreements (Repos)
• Federal Funds
• Bankers Acceptances (BAs)
• Medium-Term Notes

Government Securities

• Municipal Bonds
• United States Savings Bonds
• United States Treasury Securities: Bills, Notes, Bonds, Treasury-Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS), and STRIPS
• United States Treasury Auctions
• The Primary Market and Secondary Markets for United States Treasury Securities.

Corporate Bonds

• Corporate Bonds - An Introduction
• Corporate Bond Types: Mortgage Bonds, Collateral Trust Bonds, Equipment Trust Certificates (ETCs), Debentures, and Guaranteed Bonds
• High-Yield Bonds (aka Junk Bonds)

Asset-Backed Securities

• Asset-Backed Securities (ABS)
• Asset-Backed Securities (ABS): Structure
• Prepayment Models For Asset-Backed Securities
• Asset-Backed Securities (ABS): An Overview of Credit Ratings
• Asset-Backed Securities (ABS): Credit Analysis
• Special Purpose Entity (SPE)
• Credit Enhancements
• Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS)
• Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs)
• Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)
• Covered Bonds
• Credit Card Asset-Backed Securities
• Credit Card Asset-Backed Security Structure And Cash Flow Allocations
• Auto Loan and Auto Lease Asset-Backed Securities
• Auto Lease ABS; Titling Trust and Residual Risk

Derivatives

• Derivatives
• Death Bonds
• Interest Rate Swaps and Interest Rate Options
• Credit Default Swaps (CDS)
• Overnight Index Swaps (OIS)
• Derivatives Resources

Topics

• Taxation of Bond Income

Bond Resources

• Bonds - Links, Articles, Studies, and Resources
• Bond Formulas

Stocks

Don't gamble; take all your savings and buy some good stock and hold it till it goes up, then sell it. If it don't go up, don't buy it. — Will Rogers

Stock Fundamentals

• Common Stocks, Preferred Stocks, Treasury Stock, Legal Rights of Stockholders—Basic Concepts
• Par Value Stock, No Par Stock, Stated Value, Legal Capital
• Common Stock Dividends
• Types of Stocks
• Margin
• Selling Short

Primary and Secondary Stock Market

• Investment Banking
• Selling New Securities
• Securities Exempt from Registration under the Securities Act of 1933
• The Secondary Stock Market

Stock Valuation

• Security Analysts and Their Recommendations
• Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
• The Present Value Of Growth Opportunities, Earnings Retention Rate, And Dividend Payout Ratio
• Price/Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio) and the PEG Ratio
• Equity Valuation: Book Value, Liquidation Value, And The Q Ratio
• Enterprise Value
• Earnings Yield (aka Earnings-Price Ratio, E/P Ratio)
• Discounted Cash Flow Formula
• Goodwill
• Economic Value Added (EVA)

Financial Ratios

• Financial Ratios
• Liquidity Measures: Net Working Capital, Current Ratio, Quick Ratio
• Activity Ratios: Accounts Receivable Turnover, Inventory Turnover, Total Asset Turnover
• Leverage Measures: Debt-Equity Ratios And Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio
• Profitability Ratios: Net Profit Margin, Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE)

Stock Indexes

• Security Market Indexes
• Russell Stock Market Indexes
• Barron's 400 Index (B400)
• Global Dow

Specialized Topics

• American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)
• Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs)
• Preferred Stock
• Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs)
• Cash Flow from Operations
• Stock Rights Offering
• Settlement and Clearing
• Insider Trading
• Virtual Trading

Stock Resources

• The Stock Blog
• Stock Resources

Options

• Stock Options and Index Options, an Illustrated Introduction with Examples.
• Option Strategies—Investment Strategies using Options, illustrated with graphs and examples.
• The Mechanics of Option Trading, Exercise, and Assignment; Options Clearing Corporation (OCC)
• Optionlike Securities — Callable Bonds, Convertible Securities, and Warrants
• Put-Call Parity
• Theoretical Pricing Models: Binomial Option Pricing And The Black-Scholes Formula
• The Greeks: Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, and Rho
• Employee Stock Options; Back-dated Options
• Exotic Options

Special Option Topics

• Dividend Spread Arbitrage

Futures

• Futures and Options on Futures—an Illustrated Tutorial
• The Institution Of Futures Trading: The Futures Exchange, Clearinghouse, And The Futures Commission Merchant (FCM)
• Funding A Futures Account
• Futures Orders: Buying and Selling Futures Contracts on an Exchange
• Financial Futures

Special Topics

•  Backwardation And Contango

Commodities

• Commodities
• Commodities Blog
• Commodity Resources

Forex

They say that money can't buy love, but it can greatly increase your prospects. — wcs

• Forex — An Introduction
• Foreign Currency Market
• Foreign Exchange History
• Economics of Foreign Exchange Rates
• Foreign Exchange Rates
• Currency Quotes, Bid/Ask Quotes, Quote Convention, and Cross Currency Quotes
• Currency Cross Rates And Triangular Arbitrage In The FX Spot Market
• How to Calculate Leverage, Margin, and Pip Values in Forex
• How To Choose A Forex Broker
• Forex Trading
• Rollovers, Interest Rate Differentials, and Value Dates; Carry Trade
• Fundamental Analysis
• FX Forwards and Futures
• Exotic Options

Topics

• International Balance Of Payments (BOP)
• Speculative Currency Attacks

Forex Resources

• Forex Blog
• Forex Resources

Technical Analysis

If you can count your money, you don't have a billion dollars. — J. Paul Getty

• Technical Analysis (TA)
• Dow Theory
• Technical Indicators
• Market Sentiment
• Trends And Trendlines
• Market Sentiment Indicators
• An Overview Of Chart Types Used In Technical Analysis
• Bar Charts
• Candlestick Charts
• Point-and-Figure Charts
• Simple Moving Averages(SMA) and Exponential Moving Averages (EMA)
• Price Channels, Envelopes, and Bands
• Momentum and Momentum Indicators
• Ralph Nelson Elliot and the Elliot Wave Theory
• Elliot Wave Theory (EWT)
• Elliot Wave Theory Review

Special Topics

• Confidence Index

Jobs

• Jobs, Employment, Careers, Interviews

Saving Money

• Saving Money — Blog entries about saving money.
• Saving Money Links, Arranged by Topic

Shopping

You can't buy love, but you can pay heavily for it. — Henny Youngman

• Shopping Links, Arranged by Topic
• The Shopping Blog — A blog about shopping—finding the best prices from the best stores.
• Cars, Trucks, And Other Motor Vehicles
• Choosing a Web Host Provider—Avoid Hidden Fees and Unauthorized Charges
• Gift Cards